Professional Scrum Master I (PSM I) Practice Test – 554 Free Exam Questions with Answers

Correct answer: C. Why, What and How ?

Sprint Planning answers why the Sprint is valuable, what can be completed, and how the chosen work will get done. Remember that the event focuses on value, scope, and actionable planning rather than strict scheduling.

Correct answer: B. The Developers after clarifying requirements with the Product Owner

The people doing the work create the estimates. The Product Owner might influence them by clarifying details, but the Developers hold the final say to ensure commitment and accuracy.

Correct answer: A. Improvements that it may implement in the next Sprint

The outcome of the Sprint Retrospective is identifying actionable improvements for the next Sprint. It focuses on process adaptation rather than finalizing the exact work scope for the next Sprint.

Correct answer: A. inspect itself and create a plan for improvements

The Sprint Retrospective is dedicated to team introspection and creating actionable improvement plans. Choosing the next Sprint's scope happens during Sprint Planning, not the Retrospective.

Correct answer: C. Immediately after the first Sprint

A new Sprint starts immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint. Sprints are continuous cycles with no gaps in between. Eliminate any options suggesting dependencies on external approvals or integration phases between Sprints.

Correct answer: C. An increment of working product that is "done"

The team delivers an increment of working product that is done. Remember that an increment must meet the definition of done and be usable. Options involving bugs or documents are incorrect because they violate this quality requirement.

Correct answer: B. All answers are correct

A sprint retrospective examines interactions, processes, tools, and the definition of done. Option B is correct because all listed items are valid discussion topics. This event focuses on continuous improvement rather than the product itself.

Correct answer: A. The Product Backlog

The Product Backlog is explicitly defined in the Scrum Guide as the single source of requirements for any changes made to the product. For the exam, remember that stakeholders or the CEO provide input, but the structured requirements live only in the Product Backlog.

Correct answer: B. The Developers

The Developers are solely responsible for conducting the Daily Scrum to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal. The Scrum Master ensures the event happens and stays within the time-box, but does not run the meeting.

Correct answer: C. The Developers

Only the Developers are required to attend the Daily Scrum to inspect progress and adapt their plan. The Product Owner or Scrum Master may attend if they are actively doing development work, but the event is specifically for the Developers.

Correct answer: C. He or she does not have to be there; he or she only has to ensure the Developers have a Daily Scrum

The Scrum Master does not need to attend the Daily Scrum; their primary accountability is simply ensuring that the Developers hold the event. The Daily Scrum is owned by the Developers, so the Scrum Master acts as a facilitator only if requested.

Correct answer: A. During the Sprint Planning meeting

The Sprint Backlog is initially created during the Sprint Planning event as the team determines the Sprint Goal and the work required. It is highly visible and can then be updated throughout the Sprint as new work is discovered.

Correct answer: A. False

Scrum strongly encourages ongoing collaboration with stakeholders throughout the entire Sprint, not just during the Sprint Review. The Sprint Review is a formal checkpoint, but developers can clarify requirements with stakeholders anytime.

Correct answer: B. The Product Backlog items selected for this Sprint plus the plan for delivering them.

The Sprint Backlog consists of the selected Product Backlog items for the Sprint, the Sprint Goal, and an actionable plan for delivering them. Choosing an option without the delivery plan ignores the highly visible nature of this artifact.

Correct answer: C. The Developers

The Sprint Backlog belongs solely to the Developers, giving them exclusive authority to update it during the Sprint. The Scrum Master and Product Owner do not direct these daily technical adjustments, ensuring the team remains self-managing.

Correct answer: A. Estimates are made by the Developers

The Developers performing the work are solely responsible for all sizing and estimation. The Product Owner might clarify details, but mandating specific units like story points goes against Scrum principles of team autonomy.

Correct answer: C. The Product Owner

The Product Owner represents the stakeholders to the Scrum Team, ensuring their needs are reflected in the Product Backlog. Traditional roles like Project Manager do not exist in Scrum, making this accountability exclusive to the Product Owner.

Correct answer: C. When the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete

A Sprint is abnormally terminated only when the Sprint Goal becomes completely obsolete. If work remains unfinished, the team simply continues the Sprint, as cancellation is rare and costly due to short timeboxes.

Correct answer: B. Ask the person to share the issue with the rest of the Scrum Team as soon as possible

The Scrum Master should ask the Developer to share the issue with the entire Scrum Team to foster transparency and collective problem-solving. Unilaterally adding security to the Definition of Done bypasses the team's autonomy.

Correct answer: A. Collaborate with the Product Owner to determine what is possible and acceptable

Developers should collaborate directly with the Product Owner to determine what is possible and acceptable. Deferring work or partially completing it without this clarification avoids the necessary clarification needed to satisfy stakeholder needs.

Correct answer: A. True

The Sprint Backlog emerges throughout the Sprint as the Developers learn more about the work needed to achieve the Sprint Goal. The Developers own the Sprint Backlog and can add new items whenever necessary.

Correct answer: A. No work left from the definition of "Done" · C. All work to create software that is ready to be released to end users

Done means no work remains according to the Definition of Done, ensuring the Increment is potentially releasable to users. Remember that quality standards are set by the whole Scrum Team, not just the Product Owner.

Correct answer: B. Value, Decision Making, Engagement

Product ownership is built on value, decision making, and engagement. The Product Owner maximizes value, makes important product decisions, and actively engages with stakeholders and the Scrum Team.

Correct answer: B. It guides the Developers in creating a forecast at the Sprint Planning · C. It defines what it takes for an increment to be potentially ready for release · D. It creates transparency over the work inspected at the Sprint Review

The Definition of Done guides the Sprint forecast, clarifies Increment release readiness, and ensures transparency during the Sprint Review. It is not a task checklist or a percentage tracker, but rather a quality gate.

Correct answer: A. Why is this Sprint valuable, What can be Done this Sprint and How will the chosen work get done?

Sprint Planning covers why the Sprint is valuable, what can be done, and how the work will get done. Avoid options that assign tasks or dictate roles, as self-managing Developers determine their own plan.

Correct answer: A. The Sprint length holds and the Developers continuously learn what is actually possible to do within a sprint of this length

A Sprint is fixed in length and is never extended, serving as a predictability mechanism. Incomplete Product Backlog items are returned to the Product Backlog for future consideration.

Correct answer: A. Ensure every Increment meets them

Developers must ensure every Increment meets non-functional requirements. Often captured in the Definition of Done, these standards apply continuously, making hardening phases unnecessary.

Correct answer: B. Immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint

A new Sprint begins immediately after the previous Sprint concludes. This creates a consistent, predictable rhythm with no gaps. Avoid distractors that suggest waiting for a specific day or requiring prior approval to continue.

Correct answer: B. The Developers

Developers determine exactly how to perform the work during the Sprint. They are self-managing and create their own plan. External managers or architects cannot dictate daily work to a self-managing Scrum Team.

Correct answer: A. When the time-box expires

A Sprint ends precisely when its fixed time-box expires. Work completion does not alter the schedule. Maintaining strict time-boxes ensures predictable inspection cycles and stable planning.

Correct answer: B. Begin facilitating productive and useful Scrum Retrospectives

The Scrum Master must ensure all Scrum events take place and remain productive. If a new team wants to skip the Retrospective, the Scrum Master steps in to facilitate it, because self-management does not mean abandoning required Scrum events.

Correct answer: A. The Developers

The Developers are responsible for ensuring that every Increment meets the Definition of Done. A practical exam cue is to always associate quality and meeting the Definition of Done directly with the Developers, never the Scrum Master or Product Owner.

Correct answer: B. At the end of every Sprint

Scrum requires a new Increment to be available at the end of every Sprint. Ignore options suggesting specific phases or multiple Sprints; always tie Increment creation directly to the conclusion of each Sprint boundary.

Correct answer: E. The Product Owner

The Product Owner has the final say on Product Backlog ordering to maximize value. While others may influence the Product Owner, the ultimate accountability for backlog ordering and content always rests solely with this role.

Correct answer: A. False

An increment must be in a usable condition and meet the definition of done, but the product owner decides if it makes sense to actually release it. Remember that releasable and released are completely different concepts.

Correct answer: A. The Developers

The sprint backlog belongs solely to the developers, so they are the only ones who change it during the sprint. While the product owner might negotiate scope, only the developers manage the actual work plan.

Correct answer: C. The Product Owner has no specific interval responsibilities between Sprints, as the next Sprint begins immediately following the conclusion of the previous one.

A new sprint starts immediately after the previous one concludes, meaning there is no gap or interval between them. Any backlog refinement or planning simply happens inside the sprint timebox itself.

Correct answer: E. Complex work that can include, but is not limited to, all of the suggested options above.

In Scrum, development refers to any complex work, not just writing software. The framework applies to hardware, research, and product enhancement, so the option including all suggested examples is correct.

Correct answer: A. Is the act of breaking down and further defining Product Backlog items into smaller more precise items · B. Is an ongoing activity to add details, such as a description, order, and size

Refinement breaks down large items and adds details like description and size. It is an ongoing activity throughout the sprint, rather than a single timeboxed event or a session strictly for sprint planning.

Correct answer: B. A potentially releasable piece of the product that adds value and meets the Definition of Done.

An increment is a valuable, usable piece of the product that fully meets the definition of done. Work cannot be called an increment if it does not meet this quality standard, regardless of its potential.

Correct answer: C. Never. Only Product Owners can cancel Sprints

Only the product owner has the authority to cancel a sprint, though developers or others might influence that decision. Remember that scrum masters and developers never hold cancellation authority.

Correct answer: E. How to best accomplish its work

A self-managing Scrum Team decides internally who does what, when, and how to best accomplish its work. The Product Owner orders the Product Backlog, and developers collaborate on technical execution rather than waiting for external management.

Correct answer: B. The Sprint Goal

The Sprint Goal provides the overarching objective and direction for the Sprint, giving Developers flexibility in their work. It acts as the primary commitment created during Sprint Planning, keeping the team focused on delivering coherent value.

Correct answer: D. The Developers

Developers are responsible for tracking the remaining work of the Sprint because they self-manage their daily work. The Product Owner tracks the overall Product Backlog, while a traditional Project Manager role does not exist in Scrum.

Correct answer: B. During the Sprint Retrospective

The Sprint Retrospective is the designated event for the Scrum Team to inspect itself and create an improvement plan. This is the most appropriate time to adapt the Definition of Done to improve quality, provided it does not conflict with organizational standards.

Correct answer: D. Coach the Scrum Team members and cause the removal of impediments to the team's progress

The Scrum Master serves the team by coaching developers and removing impediments. Remember that forcing backlog constraints or acting as a meeting enforcer misses the larger focus of servant leadership and enabling flow.

Correct answer: D. It is allowed to grow and change as more is learned about the product and its customers

The Product Backlog is allowed to grow and change as more is learned. It is a living artifact that evolves with the product. Avoid options suggesting baselining or treating it as a fixed project plan.

Correct answer: A. As long as a product exists, its Product Backlog also exists. · C. It is dynamic. · E. It is never complete.

A Product Backlog is dynamic, never complete, and exists as long as the product does. It evolves continuously to maximize value. Eliminate options claiming a backlog is closed or unneeded after specific releases.

Correct answer: A. Offer the Product Owner help in understanding that the goal of ordering the Product Backlog is to maximize value.

The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by helping them maximize value through effective backlog management. The Scrum Master guides but never takes over the ordering process. Avoid options suggesting Sprints be extended.

Correct answer: C. The Product Owner and the Developers

Developers renegotiate work with the Product Owner if they overcommit. The Product Owner must be present to clarify priorities and adjust scope. Stakeholders and managers are not required for this mid-Sprint adaptation.

Correct answer: C. Peer team member

The Scrum Master participates in the sprint retrospective as a peer team member. They share equal footing while inspecting processes. The Scrum Master is neither a silent observer nor a traditional team leader dictating decisions.

Correct answer: A. No, the Sprint Review contains much more activities.

A sprint review is much more than just a demo; it includes inspecting the increment and adapting the product backlog. Stakeholders collaborate on next steps. A demo is only a small part of this adaptive event.

Correct answer: B. Each Scrum Team develops functionality from beginning to end, across all technical layers.

Cross-functional teams that develop features across all technical layers are best suited for Scrum. Avoid component teams, as working on isolated technical layers creates hand-offs and delays the creation of a valuable, usable Increment.

Correct answer: C. As needed while taking into account a short-term reduction in productivity

Scrum Team membership should change as needed, but the team must account for a short-term reduction in productivity. Frequent changes disrupt team dynamics, so the guide warns against changing compositions without recognizing this cost.

Correct answer: C. Enough so the Developers can create its best forecast of what it can do, and to start the first several days of the Sprint

The Developers need just enough Sprint Backlog detail to confidently forecast their work and begin the first few days. Avoid options demanding complete upfront task estimation, as the Sprint Backlog evolves throughout the Sprint.

Correct answer: C. Doing all work needed to meet the Definition of Done

Meeting the Definition of Done ensures transparency because everyone shares a clear understanding of what completed work entails. Tracking tools or estimating undone work does not inherently make the increment transparent, as only done work is truly inspectable.

Correct answer: B. 10 or fewer people

A Scrum Team is small enough to remain nimble and large enough to complete significant work, which is typically ten or fewer people. Smaller teams communicate better and are more productive, while larger teams should reorganize into multiple cohesive teams.

Correct answer: A. Developing and explicitly communicating the Product Goal

Developing and explicitly communicating the Product Goal is a direct accountability of the Product Owner. Option D is a strong distractor because establishing empirical product planning is the responsibility of the Scrum Master, not the Product Owner.

Correct answer: B. The Scrum Master

The Scrum Master ensures all Scrum events take place, are positive, and stay within the timebox. While the whole team participates, the Scrum Master acts as the facilitator and process enforcer.

Correct answer: C. The competencies and skills needed to deliver a Done Increment in a Sprint

A Scrum Team must collectively possess all the skills needed to create a Done Increment each Sprint. Cross-functionality means the team works together without needing specific departmental roles.

Correct answer: B. Understanding the product, the product vision and the rules of the Scrum framework, the group divides itself into teams.

Scrum Teams are self-managing, so the group should divide itself based on the product vision and rules. A key exam cue is that management never assigns people to teams. Self-organization is fundamental to agility.

Correct answer: B. The Product Owner

The Product Owner is the primary product visionary, responsible for maximizing value and communicating the vision. While executives influence strategy, the Product Owner solely owns the product direction.

Correct answer: A. The consistency reduces complexity

Holding the Daily Scrum at the same time and place reduces complexity and overhead. This consistency lets the team focus entirely on planning the next day. Logistics like room bookings are logistical distractors.

Correct answer: B. After the Sprint Review and prior to the next Sprint Planning

The Sprint Retrospective occurs after the Sprint Review and right before the next Sprint Planning. For the exam, memorize the exact sequence of Scrum events to easily eliminate options that break the flow of the Sprint.

Correct answer: D. As much as they have told the Product Owner will be done for every Product backlog item they select in conformance with the Definition of Done.

Developers must complete work on a Product Backlog item so it meets the Definition of Done during the Sprint. Avoid options that suggest splitting phases like testing into separate intervals, as Scrum requires fully done increments.

Correct answer: C. The Product Owner

The Product Owner is the sole person accountable for managing the Product Backlog and directing what work is needed. Remember that while others might suggest ideas, only the Product Owner controls the backlog ordering and content.

Correct answer: D. Have the Scrum Team establish a Definition of Done that is actually possible to achieve given current circumstances · F. Coach the Scrum Team members to improve their skills, tools and infrastructure over time and adjust the Definition of Done accordingly

The Scrum Master should help the team create a realistic Definition of Done and coach them to improve over time. Never choose exam options that suggest accepting incomplete work or temporarily stopping feature delivery to focus solely on infrastructure.

Correct answer: A. Sprint Retrospective

The Sprint Retrospective is a mandatory Scrum event. Dismiss options like burndown charts or release planning, as the exam strictly tests the framework without prescribing specific charts or scaling practices.

Correct answer: B. By causing the removal of impediments to the Scrum Team's progress · C. By coaching the team members in self-management and cross-functionality

The scrum master serves the team by removing impediments and coaching developers in self-management and cross-functionality. Options like ordering the product backlog belong specifically to the product owner, not the scrum master.

Correct answer: B. The end of the Sprint

The sprint review takes place at the end of the sprint to inspect the increment and adapt the product backlog. The scrum team and stakeholders collaborate on what was built and what should happen next.

Correct answer: C. A revised Product Backlog

The primary outcome of a Sprint Review is a revised Product Backlog that reflects stakeholder feedback and current market conditions. The Increment already exists from the Sprint, while updating the Definition of Done happens during the Sprint Retrospective.

Correct answer: A. It is clear who is accountable for the ultimate value of the product. · C. The Scrum Team always knows who determines the order of the Product Backlog. · E. It helps avoid barriers to effective communication and rapid decision-making.

A single Product Owner ensures clear accountability for product value, provides a sole decision-maker for backlog ordering, and removes communication barriers. Options about confusing stakeholders or backup roles are incorrect distractors that miss core accountabilities.

Correct answer: A. As soon as possible after they are identified

New work or further decomposition is added to the Sprint Backlog as soon as it is identified. This maintains transparency, though the Sprint Goal remains fixed. Avoid options suggesting formal approvals are needed for backlog updates during the Sprint.

Correct answer: D. Any time where it's valuable to have the Stakeholder input

A Scrum Team can interact with Key Stakeholders any time it is valuable to do so. While the Sprint Review is a formal opportunity, collaboration is encouraged throughout development. Do not restrict stakeholder communication to only official events.

Correct answer: B. Product Backlog · C. Increment · D. Sprint Backlog

The three Scrum artifacts are the Product Backlog, the Sprint Backlog, and the Increment. For the exam, remember that the Sprint Goal and Definition of Done are commitments to these artifacts, not artifacts themselves.

Correct answer: B. The Scrum Team includes cross-skilled individuals who are able to contribute to do what is necessary to deliver an increment of product

A cross-functional Scrum Team has all the skills necessary to deliver a Done Increment without relying on external teams. Watch out for options suggesting sub-teams or handoffs to specialists outside the Scrum Team.

Correct answer: A. The Scrum Team is responsible, and may need help from the Scrum Master

The Scrum Team manages its own membership and dynamics, so it holds the responsibility. The Scrum Master might facilitate the resolution. Do not confuse team accountability with the Scrum Master removing impediments.

Correct answer: C. Scrum is based on empirical process control theory · D. Scrum is a framework for developing and sustaining complex products · F. Each component of Scrum serves a specific purpose, and is essential to Scrum's success and your usage of Scrum to develop complex products

Scrum is firmly grounded in empirical process control theory and acts as a minimal framework for complex product development. Every element of Scrum is essential, meaning you cannot simply pick and choose parts without losing its benefits.

Correct answer: D. Importance, where the most important items are at the top at all times

The Product Owner orders the Product Backlog by priority, value, risk, and dependencies to maximize product value. While smaller items often rise to the top, the primary driver is overall importance, making high priority the best answer.

Correct answer: A. Sprint results

The Sprint Review focuses on inspecting the Sprint results and collaborating on what to do next. Engineering practices are typically evaluated during the Sprint Retrospective, not the Review. Keep event purposes distinct.

Correct answer: C. When it makes sense

Multiple increments may be released during a Sprint, but releasing to production only happens when it makes sense to maximize value. A defect-free increment does not automatically dictate a production release without business approval.

Correct answer: C. Any of the these options (or others) which are a decomposition of the selected Product Backlog items

The Sprint Backlog contains the selected Product Backlog items and a plan for delivering them. Format choices vary, so answers naming specific artifacts like user stories or tasks are distractors. The core requirement is decomposing work to meet the goal.

Correct answer: B. There is no such thing as Sprint 0

Scrum does not recognize a Sprint Zero or any preparatory Sprints before development begins. Every Sprint must produce a Done, usable Increment. Avoid pseudo-Sprints used for planning; remember that regular Sprints handle upfront work immediately.

Correct answer: D. Opportunities to inspect and adapt the Sprint Backlog are lost · F. The Sprint plan becomes inaccurate · G. Impediments are raised and resolved more slowly

Reducing Daily Scrum frequency causes the Sprint plan to become inaccurate and impediments to be resolved more slowly. The team loses critical opportunities to inspect progress and adapt the Sprint Backlog toward the Sprint Goal daily.

Correct answer: B. Its productivity is likely to decrease

Adding new teams temporarily decreases the original team's productivity due to integration and knowledge transfer overhead. While long-term capacity increases, expect initial delays when forming new teams and managing dependencies.

Correct answer: D. Bring all the Developers together and let them self-organize · E. Existing teams propose how they would like to go about organizing into the new structure

Scrum teams are self-managing and organize themselves rather than having managers assign them. Options D and E reflect this empowerment. Avoid options where managers or chiefs dictate team structures, as Scrum discourages that.

Correct answer: B. It has rigid guidelines of how to do the work.

A disadvantage of waterfall is its rigid guidelines dictating how work must be done. This inflexibility contrasts sharply with Scrum. Watch out for distractors highlighting flexibility, which is actually a Scrum advantage.

Correct answer: A. True

The Daily Scrum is indeed held at the same time and place each day to reduce complexity and improve communication. For the exam, remember that consistency in this event helps the team inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal.

Correct answer: A. None of the above

Scrum Teams are self-managing, meaning Developers decide how to accomplish their work without a traditional manager directing them. Options like the Scrum Master or Product Owner represent accountabilities rather than command and control management roles.

Correct answer: C. The project plan in Scrum is represented by the Product Backlog, which should be continuously updated as new information and insights emerge.

Scrum avoids traditional project plans, utilizing the Product Backlog for continuous planning instead. The Product Owner updates the backlog as new insights emerge. A static plan contradicts empirical adaptation.

Correct answer: A. Have the Scrum Team members introduce themselves to each others and give a brief background of their skills and work history · B. Ask the Product Owner to discuss the product or project, its history, goals, and context as well as answer questions · C. Ensure the Scrum Team understands they need a Definition of Done

A new scrum team benefits from understanding the product context, meeting each other, and establishing a definition of done. Options like individual bonuses or management introductions violate core agile principles.

Correct answer: D. Scrum Master · E. Product Owner · F. Developers

The 2020 Scrum Guide defines exactly three accountabilities within a Scrum Team: Developers, Product Owner, and Scrum Master. Users and customers are important stakeholders but are not internal Scrum Team members.

Correct answer: B. The Product Owner · C. The Developers · F. The Scrum Master

The entire Scrum Team, which includes the Developers, Product Owner, and Scrum Master, participates in Sprint Planning to collaborate on the upcoming Sprint. External stakeholders like the CEO attend only if invited by the team to provide specific input.

Correct answer: E. Never extended

A Sprint has a maximum duration and its timebox can never be extended once it begins. Fixed durations create predictability. Options suggesting extensions undermine the empirical process control fundamental to the framework.

Correct answer: C. Ensuring that the most valuable functionality is produced at all times

The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing product value and actively interacting with stakeholders to gather their input. They do not provide detailed technical specifications, as defining how to build the work belongs to the Developers.

Correct answer: C. cross-functional

A team where members rely on each other and share skills to deliver value is cross-functional. For the exam, always associate Scrum Teams with being cross-functional and self-managing to complete work without depending on outsiders.

Correct answer: B. The value of work currently represented in the Product Backlog

The Retrospective focuses on inspecting the past Sprint and adapting team processes, relationships, and tools. Discussing future Sprint Backlog planning or overall Product Backlog value belongs in Sprint Planning, making those the correct out-of-scope topics.

Correct answer: C. Causing the removal of impediments to the Scrum Team's progress

The Scrum Master serves the team by causing the removal of impediments and helping the team focus on creating high-value Increments that meet the Definition of Done. Remember that Scrum Masters facilitate self-management rather than assigning tasks.

Correct answer: B. Its location and time should remain constant

The Daily Scrum is a fifteen-minute event for Developers to synchronize activities. To reduce complexity, it should be held at the same time and place every day. Ignore options treating it as a formal status report.

Correct answer: B. The Product Owner

The Product Owner is solely accountable for effective Product Backlog management, including its ordering and availability. While Developers help add detail, the final accountability never shifts away from the Product Owner.

Correct answer: C. Immediately after the end of the previous Sprint.

A new Sprint begins immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint. This continuous cycle ensures no downtime, maintaining the cadence and flow of inspection and adaptation throughout the project.

Correct answer: A. The Sprint Goal

The Sprint Goal provides guidance to the Scrum Team on why they are building the Increment. It creates coherence and focus, allowing the team flexibility in the exact work performed to achieve that objective.

Correct answer: D. The Developers.

Developers are accountable for instilling quality by adhering to the Definition of Done for every Product Backlog Item. Watch out for distractors like the Scrum Team, as accountability for actually doing the work rests with Developers.

Correct answer: B. When the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete.

A Sprint is abnormally cancelled only when the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete. Avoid options about work being too difficult or new features appearing, as the Scrum Team should adapt the backlog instead.

Correct answer: A. Ensure they are addressed in every Increment.

Every Increment must meet non-functional requirements to be considered potentially releasable. Avoid options like separate lists or hardening phases, as Scrum demands quality be built in continuously.

Correct answer: E. The Product Owner

Only the Product Owner has the authority to cancel a Sprint, usually because the Sprint Goal has become obsolete. A common trap is assuming the Scrum Master shares this authority, but their role is to facilitate the process.

Correct answer: B. The Developers.

The Developers are accountable for creating their Sprint plan and adapting it daily toward the Sprint Goal. Because they are self-managing, no one else assigns or manages their tasks during the Sprint, eliminating roles like Scrum Master or Project Manager.

Correct answer: B. It is clear who is accountable for the Product Backlog, the Developers always know who determines priorities, and it helps avoid barriers to effective communication and rapid decision-making

Having one Product Owner ensures clear accountability for the Product Backlog and priorities. This single source of decision-making prevents conflicting directions, reduces communication barriers, and allows rapid adaptation to changing market needs.

Correct answer: A. The Product Owner and the Developers.

The Developers collaborate with the Product Owner to review and adjust Sprint scope. If a forecast cannot be met, scope may be clarified and renegotiated with the Product Owner as more is learned during the Sprint.

Correct answer: D. As much as they have informed the Product Owner will be done for every Product Backlog item it selects in conformance with the Definition of Done.

Developers must complete work on a Product Backlog item to meet the Definition of Done. Partially done work is never accepted, ensuring transparency and a potentially releasable Increment every Sprint.

Correct answer: A. All of these answers are correct.

Sprints must be one month or less to keep risk acceptable and synchronize with business events. The correct answer incorporates all these limits, as Scrum relies on a timebox that balances focus and predictability.

Correct answer: B. Yes

Yes, Scrum does not prohibit individuals from holding multiple roles within a Scrum Team. For the exam, remember that the Product Owner and Scrum Master can also be Developers.

Correct answer: C. When the time-box expires.

A Sprint ends strictly when its fixed time-box expires. Do not choose an option about finishing work early; Sprints are never extended to complete remaining items.

Correct answer: D. Frequently enough to eliminate the risk that the product's value will get out of line with the marketplace

Releases should happen frequently enough to ensure the product's value stays aligned with the marketplace. Do not select rigid timeframes like every Sprint, as the release cadence is a business decision driven by risk.

Correct answer: A. Lead Facilitator of Key Stakeholder Involvement · B. Product Marketplace Expert · E. Product Value Maximizer

The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing product value, understanding the marketplace, and engaging key stakeholders. Avoid confusing these duties with the Scrum Master's responsibilities, such as facilitating Scrum events or evangelizing Scrum across the organization.

Correct answer: A. False

The Product Owner is exactly one person, not a committee, regardless of project size. A practical exam cue is to remember that while multiple people can advise, only one person holds the final accountability for Product Backlog ordering and value maximization.

Correct answer: A. The Product Owner will present the work and the Developers will select the items they will work on.

Developers self-manage by selecting their own work from the single Product Backlog during Sprint Planning. A strong exam cue is remembering that the Product Owner orders items but never assigns work to the teams.

Correct answer: B. Scrum Team

The Scrum Team decides the Sprint length, balancing risk, complexity, and market dynamics. While the Scrum Master facilitates this discussion, accountability rests with the entire Scrum Team. Once set, the duration remains fixed.

Correct answer: D. A small team of people that is highly flexible and adaptive

The essence of Scrum is a small, highly flexible, and adaptive team solving complex problems. Distractors like the Scrum Guide or specific accountabilities describe the framework or rules, not the fundamental team spirit driving empirical process control.

Correct answer: B. The Developers.

The Developers determine exactly how to turn selected Product Backlog items into a working Increment. This reflects Scrum’s self-management principle. Watch out for options involving traditional roles like team leads or architects directing the work.

Correct answer: A. Not more than 1 month

A Sprint is a fixed length event of one month or less. This timeboxing creates predictable cycles for inspection and adaptation. Anything longer than one month introduces too much risk regarding complexity and changing requirements.

Correct answer: A. One

A single product must have exactly one Product Owner to maintain a unified vision and a single Product Backlog. For the exam, remember that multiple teams can work on one product, but the product owner role remains singular to ensure clear accountability.

Correct answer: E. The Product Owner

The Product Owner holds the exclusive authority to order Product Backlog items and direct what work maximizes value. While others may offer suggestions, only the Product Owner decides priorities. Use this as a primary cue for questions about backlog management authority.

Correct answer: B. Work with the Product Owner to remove some work or Sprint Backlog items as soon as possible.

Developers must collaborate with the Product Owner to negotiate and remove scope, ensuring the Sprint Goal remains achievable. Never choose options that suggest lowering quality standards or expanding the team mid-Sprint. Always maintain focus on the Sprint Goal.

Correct answer: A. The Scrum Master · B. The Developers · D. The Product Owner

A Scrum Team is a cohesive unit made up of one Scrum Master, one Product Owner, and Developers. Stakeholders are strictly external to the core team. Memorize this exact structure, as the framework emphasizes small teams without sub-teams or hierarchical titles.

Correct answer: D. The Scrum Team

The entire Scrum Team is collectively responsible for monitoring progress toward high-level product goals. Avoid picking individual roles like the Product Owner for this, as the 2020 Scrum Guide emphasizes shared accountability for achieving goals.

Correct answer: C. The sum of all the usable Product Backlog items completed during the Sprint. Each Increment is additive to all prior Increments and thoroughly verified, ensuring that all Increments work together.

An Increment is the sum of all usable Product Backlog items completed during a Sprint, added to prior Increments. The key distractor fails because simply summing completed items misses that the work must be thoroughly verified and integrated.

Correct answer: C. 15 minutes and 4 hours respectively

The Daily Scrum is timeboxed to 15 minutes, and the Sprint Review is capped at four hours for a one-month Sprint. A frequent mistake is assuming the Review and Retrospective share the same maximum timebox.

Correct answer: A. No

A Product Owner may receive support from others, but they cannot delegate their core accountability for the Product Backlog. A practical exam cue is to remember that accountability remains entirely with the Product Owner, even when others help.

Correct answer: D. The Scrum Master

The Scrum Master is accountable for establishing Scrum and promoting its effective use across the organization. A practical exam cue is to remember that while the whole team lives by Scrum values, only the Scrum Master holds this specific leadership accountability.

Correct answer: D. Ensure the dependency is clearly visible in the Product Backlog and that the Developers have enough independent Items to work on in the next Sprint.

The Product Owner should make the dependency transparent and ensure Developers have independent items to work on. A practical exam cue is that Scrum discourages special wait lists, and Developers should never sit idle while waiting for dependencies.

Correct answer: C. There are no such activities. When the current Sprint ends, the new Sprint begins.

When a Sprint ends, the next Sprint begins immediately, so there is no gap for special activities. A key exam cue is that Product Backlog refinement happens during the Sprint itself, not in a phantom break between Sprints.

Correct answer: B. The Scrum Team

The Scrum Team is responsible for all product-related activities, including maintenance, operation, and experimentation. A practical exam cue is that the entire team shares these responsibilities, rather than assigning them to isolated roles or departments.

Correct answer: D. Cross-functional, meaning the members have all the skills necessary to create value each Sprint. They are also self-managing, meaning they internally decide who does what, when, and how.

A cross-functional Scrum Team possesses all the skills necessary to create value each Sprint and is self-managing. A practical exam cue is that traditional titles and functional managers do not exist within a self-managing Scrum Team.

Correct answer: D. The Developers

The Developers are responsible for tracking the total work remaining in the Sprint Backlog to project the likelihood of achieving the Sprint Goal. A practical exam cue is that the Developers own the Sprint Backlog completely.

Correct answer: C. The Developers · D. The Product Owner · E. The Scrum Master

The entire Scrum Team, which includes the Developers, the Product Owner, and the Scrum Master, collaborates during Sprint Planning. Outside managers or stakeholders do not participate in this core planning event unless explicitly invited by the team.

Correct answer: A. The Scrum Team as a whole is responsible as the Scrum Team is self-managed.

Scrum Teams are self-managing, meaning they internally decide who does what, when, and how. While the Scrum Master removes impediments, resolving team composition and membership issues rests entirely with the Scrum Team itself, not management or the Product Owner.

Correct answer: A. Work with the Product Owner to determine what is possible and acceptable.

Developers collaborate with the Product Owner to clarify functional requirements and determine what is acceptable. The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing value and clearly explaining backlog items so the team can build the right feature.

Correct answer: B. Early and often

The Product Owner should communicate and reiterate the product vision early and often. Doing so ensures the Scrum Team and stakeholders maintain shared understanding and alignment, rather than limiting communication to a single event.

Correct answer: A. Select the Product Backlog items for the Sprint and do the work planned in the Sprint Backlog.

Developers select items from the Product Backlog during Sprint Planning and do the work to create a usable increment. They do not decide product value or reorder the backlog, as those are Product Owner accountabilities.

Correct answer: B. The Product Owner

The Product Owner is responsible for managing the Product Backlog to best achieve the overarching product vision. While others may have input, the Product Owner ultimately owns and communicates this strategic direction.

Correct answer: A. The Product's users

The product's users are the most important stakeholders because the primary goal is delivering value to them. While internal stakeholders matter, focusing on user satisfaction ultimately drives the true business value.

Correct answer: C. How much is known about the Product over time

The Cone of Uncertainty illustrates how uncertainty decreases and knowledge increases over time as a product is developed. For the exam, remember that early estimates have high variance, which shrinks as details emerge.

Correct answer: A. Scrum Team

The Scrum Team shares this accountability because the Sprint Review is a collaborative working session. Avoid blaming the Product Owner; current Scrum emphasizes that the entire team is responsible for stakeholder collaboration.

Correct answer: A. The human people who actually use the product under development · B. The people responsible for paying to use the product · E. The people responsible for making the funding decisions for the product development effort

Key stakeholders typically include the end users, the people paying to use the product, and those making funding decisions. Avoid selecting the Scrum Team or marketing, since stakeholders are external to the development team.

Correct answer: B. Will ask the executive to work with the Product Owner

The correct answer works because the Product Owner is the sole person accountable for managing the Product Backlog. A practical exam cue is to always route priority changes through the Product Owner. Developers cannot be forced by outsiders to change their Sprint Backlog.

Correct answer: A. After the Sprint Planning, a sprint cannot proceed without a Sprint Goal · B. After the Sprint Planning, a sprint can proceed without a complete Sprint Backlog

A valid Sprint requires a Sprint Goal for focus, but it does not need a fully detailed Sprint Backlog. The Sprint Backlog emerges as the Developers learn. Avoid options demanding complete upfront architecture or specifications, as Scrum embraces emerging requirements.

Correct answer: A. Interacting with stakeholders and ensuring that the most valuable functionality is is always produced first.

Scrum mandates that the Product Owner interact with stakeholders and optimize value, leaving format choices to the team. Watch out for specific formatting traps like writing User Stories or Use Cases, which are not prescribed formalities in the official Scrum Guide.

Correct answer: A. The level of expertise over the technology to be used, ability to release an Increment to the end users, and the risk of being disconnected from the stakeholders.

Sprint length balances risk, technology uncertainty, and stakeholder feedback frequency. Shorter Sprints limit risk by allowing more inspection. Distractors focusing on team size or membership changes miss the core inspection and adaptation rhythm.

Correct answer: B. Turn the Product Backlog items it selects into a potentially releasable product increment of functionality.

The Developers must possess all the skills needed to create a potentially releasable Increment each Sprint. Options involving handoffs or fixed estimates contradict empiricism and cross-functionality. Remember that creating a Done Increment is the primary development goal.

Correct answer: C. When the Product retires

A Product Backlog exists as long as the product exists. Because Scrum has no final project sign-offs, the backlog is only retired when the product itself is retired. As long as the product provides value, its backlog continues evolving.

Correct answer: C. The Developers

The Developers performing the work are solely responsible for estimating Product Backlog items. The Product Owner might influence them by clarifying trade-offs, but those doing the actual work create the estimates to ensure accountability.

Correct answer: B. Definition of Done

Technical conditions and quality standards that apply universally to the product belong in the Definition of Done. This ensures every Increment meets required quality measures for release. Individual requirements belong in the Product Backlog.

Correct answer: C. Several top Product Backlog Items are taken into the Sprint Backlog to replace the obsolete items · E. At the Sprint Retrospective the Scrum Master determines who from the Developers are responsible for cancelling the Sprint

When a Sprint is cancelled, completed work is reviewed and incomplete items return to the Product Backlog. The team does not swap in new items, and no one is blamed during the Retrospective. Use process of elimination on negative questions to find the false statements.

Correct answer: D. The Developers

Developers are specifically accountable for creating a usable increment and managing technical quality. They must negotiate a robust Definition of Done to prevent accumulating defects. On the exam, always associate hands-on creation and quality control directly with the developers.

Correct answer: A. Sprint Reviews · B. Product Backlog Refinement · C. Informal daily interactions

The Product Owner shares market insights through backlog refinement, Sprint Reviews, and ongoing daily interactions. Remember that Daily Scrums are exclusively for Developers, so exclude that option. Prioritize continuous collaboration over formal events for communicating market knowledge.

Correct answer: A. False

Scrum artifacts exist to maximize transparency of key work information, not to optimize speed or velocity. Increased transparency enables effective inspection and adaptation. When you see velocity mentioned in relation to artifacts on the exam, assume it is a distractor.

Correct answer: A. True

Minimizing cross-team dependencies reduces complexity and boosts agility when multiple teams share a Product Backlog. Remember that while dependencies cannot always be eliminated completely, the goal during refinement is to make them transparent and minimize them.

Correct answer: B. Articulating the product vision to the Scrum Team and the Key Stakeholders early and often. · D. Via the Product Backlog and iterating towards that vision every Sprint. · E. Utilizing the underlying empirical product planning features of Scrum.

The Product Owner brings the vision to life by articulating it often, using empirical planning, and iterating via the Product Backlog. Avoid options that involve management approval or delegating communication to the Scrum Master.

Correct answer: C. Both

Scrum quickly increases transparency around both real progress and the team's technical ability to create Increments. Remember that Scrum ruthlessly exposes reality, making both project status and technical constraints visible.

Correct answer: B. As long as the Product exists

The Product Backlog exists as long as the product itself exists, continuously evolving to remain competitive. Do not assume the backlog disappears when a team disbands or a specific release is shipped.

Correct answer: C. Engage with the stakeholders and answer questions from the Developers.

During an active Sprint, a Product Owner engages with stakeholders and answers questions from the Developers to clarify requirements. A practical exam cue is that Product Owners never prioritize the Sprint Backlog, as only the Developers manage the Sprint Backlog.

Correct answer: C. Create a potentially shippable product Increment that includes at least one piece of functionality.

During the first Sprint, Developers must create a potentially shippable product Increment that includes at least one piece of functionality. A practical exam cue is that every Sprint without exception must result in a usable Increment.

Correct answer: A. False

The Product Owner is the sole authority responsible for managing and ordering the Product Backlog to maximize value. Developers decide how to build the work, but they never dictate which business needs or features take priority.

Correct answer: C. The Product Owner.

The Product Owner is accountable for ensuring that Product Backlog items are transparent and understood to the level needed by the Developers. The Product Owner may do this directly or delegate the actual writing, but they remain accountable for the clarity.

Correct answer: B. True

The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the Developers' work. To make effective ordering decisions, the Product Owner must deeply understand the marketplace, competition, and evolving customer needs.

Correct answer: D. None of the answers is correct.

The Scrum framework does not mandate any specific project management tools, charts, or software for the Product Owner. The Product Owner may use whatever techniques and tools they find most effective for managing the Product Backlog.

Correct answer: D. The Developers

The Developers conform to the Definition of Done to ensure every increment meets quality standards. However, the entire Scrum Team is accountable for creating a clear definition, which can make strictly choosing only Developers slightly ambiguous contextually.

Correct answer: D. Customer satisfaction · E. Time-to-Market

Customer satisfaction and time-to-market directly measure value delivery, unlike internal metrics like velocity. For the exam, associate value with external user outcomes and business viability rather than internal team output.

Correct answer: A. False

False. Adding multiple teams to a single product initially increases complexity and communication overhead, which often decreases productivity. Watch out for assuming that more teams immediately equals more output.

Correct answer: B. up to one month

A Sprint can be up to one month long, regardless of whether the project is internal or external. The length is fixed and decided in advance to establish a consistent cadence for the Scrum Team.

Correct answer: A. The Key Stakeholders · B. The Scrum Master · D. The Developers · E. The CEO

Only the Product Owner is accountable for changing the Product Backlog. However, a Developer or CEO can suggest changes. Because suggest and change are often conflated, this question is slightly ambiguous, so be careful to distinguish final accountability from mere input.

Correct answer: A. Complex work that can include all the suggested options and even more

In Scrum, development refers to any complex work required to create a product. This intentionally broad definition includes research, software, hardware, and sustaining operations. For the exam, always choose the most inclusive option when defining development work.

Correct answer: B. Initially defined per product by the Scrum Team, but may change throughout the product development duration

The Definition of Done is created by the Scrum Team and evolves over time as the environment changes. It is not deferred until after the first Sprint. If organizational standards exist, the team’s Definition of Done must minimally reflect them.

Correct answer: D. Frequently

Customer satisfaction should be measured frequently to ensure the team is building the right thing at the right time. Be careful not to choose rigid schedules like quarterly or daily, as empirical inspection happens continuously.

Correct answer: A. Peer Team Member

The Scrum Master participates in the Sprint Retrospective as a peer team member to help inspect and adapt the process. A strong exam cue is that the Scrum Master is never a silent observer or an auditor within Scrum events.

Correct answer: C. let the team decides the format of the Product Backlog items

Scrum Teams are self-managing and decide their own format for Product Backlog items. User stories are a popular technique but are completely optional, so the Scrum Master should simply let the team choose their preferred format.

Correct answer: C. Scrum Master, who needs to educate the Product Owner on his role

The Scrum Master is accountable for coaching the Product Owner and helping everyone understand and enact their responsibilities. If a Product Owner is unavailable, the Scrum Master steps in to resolve this impediment.

Correct answer: B. All the answers are correct

Scrum Teams must be small enough to remain nimble but large enough to complete significant work. Teams with fewer than three members often lack the necessary skill diversity, experience lower productivity, and suffer from decreased interaction, making all listed outcomes likely. Watch for this specific size rule.

Correct answer: A. The team member should inform the other Scrum Team members so the whole Scrum Team can decide what to do with the inquiry

The team member should immediately bring the conflict to the entire Scrum Team so they can navigate the impediment together. Avoid picking distractors where individuals act alone or blindly follow outside management, because Scrum teams manage their own work.

Correct answer: B. Not an appropriate goal, since Sprint Goal should be about expected business value

A Sprint Goal should focus on delivering expected business value rather than just meeting technical metrics. For the exam, remember that while code quality matters, goals must guide the team toward a coherent product objective.

Correct answer: C. Developing and communicating the Product Goal. · D. Ordering the Product Backlog.

A Product Owner can delegate actual work like ordering the Product Backlog or communicating the Product Goal to others. However, the Product Owner remains strictly accountable for these outcomes and cannot delegate their overall accountability.

Correct answer: A. Courage · B. Focus · C. Commitment · D. Openness · F. Respect

The five Scrum Values are commitment, focus, openness, respect, and courage. Remember that effectiveness, self-organization, and agility are core principles but are not official values.

Correct answer: A. Share the Earned Value Analysis (EVA) report. · B. Engage in a discussion with the project manager, sharing the current impediments and forecasting for the Sprint.

The best responses focus on transparency and collaboration. Sharing the Product Backlog provides project visibility, while discussing current impediments and Sprint forecasts addresses immediate concerns. Avoid traditional metrics like earned value analysis, which conflict with empiricism.

Correct answer: A. Planning and advising Scrum implementations within the organization · D. Leading, training, and coaching the organization in its Scrum adoption · E. Removing barriers between stakeholders and Scrum Teams

Serving the organization involves leading its Scrum adoption, planning implementations, and removing stakeaker barriers. Options about managing the Product Backlog or defining the Product Goal belong exclusively to the Product Owner.

Correct answer: A. Ensuring that all Scrum events take place and are positive, productive, and kept within the timebox · C. Helping the Scrum Team focus on creating high-value Increments that meet the Definition of Done · E. Coaching the team members in self-management and cross-functionality

The Scrum Master serves the team by ensuring events are productive and timeboxed, helping focus on high-value increments, and coaching self-management. Remember that finding techniques for Product Backlog management is how the Scrum Master serves the Product Owner, not the entire Scrum Team.

Correct answer: D. 8 hours

Sprint Planning has an absolute maximum timebox of eight hours regardless of the Sprint length. For shorter Sprints, the event is usually shorter, but the official maximum cap does not scale down proportionally with a three-week duration.

Correct answer: C. Adapting their plan each day toward the Sprint Goal

Developers are accountable for adapting their daily plan toward the Sprint Goal. The Product Owner manages the Product Backlog and communicates the Product Goal, while the Scrum Master ensures the events themselves take place and remain productive.

Correct answer: A. A revised Product Backlog that defines the probable Product Backlog items for the next Sprint

The Sprint Review yields a revised Product Backlog defining probable items for the next Sprint. Do not confuse this with the Retrospective, which outputs actionable improvements, or Sprint Planning, which produces the Sprint Goal and Sprint Backlog.

Correct answer: B. Scrum Team

If the organization does not provide one, the Scrum Team must create a Definition of Done appropriate for the product. Watch out for Developers, because while they must conform to it, the entire team owns its creation.

Correct answer: B. No changes are made that would endanger the Sprint Goal · C. Quality goals do not decrease · E. Scope may be clarified and renegotiated with the Product Owner as more is learned

During a Sprint, quality goals remain constant while scope can be clarified as teams learn more. Avoid options claiming the Sprint Goal changes frequently or scope is permanently locked, as those violate empirical process rules.

Correct answer: B. Transparency · E. Adaptation · F. Inspection

Scrum is founded on the empirical pillars of transparency, inspection, and adaptation. The other choices, like cross-functionality and agility, are valuable traits but are not the required pillars.

Correct answer: A. The Developers · C. The Scrum Master · D. The Product Owner

The Scrum Team consists of one Product Owner, the Developers, and a Scrum Master. Stakeholders are vital for providing input during the Sprint Review, but they remain outside the actual Scrum Team structure because they do not hold core accountabilities.

Correct answer: E. Whatever seems the best to the Product Owner.

The Product Owner is accountable for the Product Backlog and may order it using whatever method seems best to maximize value. Story points, risk levels, or functional categories might be considered, but the final ordering strictly remains the Product Owner's call.

Correct answer: D. Developers themselves

Developers are self-managing, meaning they decide among themselves how to turn Product Backlog items into a Done Increment. Scrum explicitly removes the project manager role, so no external authority is allowed to assign daily tasks to the Developers.

Correct answer: A. Framework for developing and sustaining complex products

Scrum is a framework for developing and sustaining complex products. A practical exam cue is to avoid choosing options that narrowly label Scrum as a software methodology or a rigid process.

Correct answer: A. Helping the Product Owner find techniques for managing the Product Backlog.

The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by helping find techniques for effective Product Backlog management. Avoid options where the Scrum Master orders the backlog or acts as a proxy or middleman, which violates Scrum accountabilities.

Correct answer: C. The Sprint Review

Key stakeholders participate in the Sprint Review to inspect the Increment and collaborate on future adaptations. For other events, remember the core Scrum Team generally attends privately to maintain focus.

Correct answer: A. Inspect how the last Sprint went with regards to people, relationships, process, and tools · B. Identify and order the major items that went well and potential improvements · C. Create a plan for implementing improvements to the way the Scrum Team does its work

The Retrospective inspects the past Sprint, identifies improvements, and creates an action plan. Avoid options involving stakeholders or outside specialists, because this event is strictly for internal Scrum Team reflection.

Correct answer: B. Is the act of adding detail, estimates, and order to Product Backlog items · E. Is an ongoing process

Product Backlog refinement is an ongoing activity where the team adds detail, estimates, and order to upcoming items. Avoid options that assign rigid frequencies or timeboxes to refinement, as Scrum intentionally leaves the duration and frequency open to the team's needs.

Correct answer: A. Ensuring the project and release status is transparent to customers and stakeholders. · B. Frequently work with customers and stakeholders in identifying potential work that could deliver the most value.

A Product Owner focuses on stakeholder collaboration to identify valuable work and ensuring project status remains highly transparent. Avoid options enforcing mandatory formats like User Stories, as Scrum explicitly allows any format for Product Backlog items.

Correct answer: A. A Product vision provides the Sprint Review a way of inspecting the incremental progress. · D. A Product vision provides an overarching direction so that Sprints deliver high added-value. · E. It helps the Scrum Team stay focused and provides them something to check their decisions against.

A clear Product Vision provides overarching direction for high-value Sprints, offers a checkpoint for incremental progress, and helps the team stay focused. It does not dictate exact remaining work, as the vision represents the strategic goal rather than a fixed tactical checklist.

Correct answer: A. By releasing often, and updating KPIs (key performance indicators) on value after every release and feeding this information back into work on the Product Backlog.

Frequent releases allow empirical inspection of value, letting the organization update performance indicators and adapt the Product Backlog accordingly. Be wary of distractors relying on velocity, as velocity only measures output and does not validate actual customer value.

Correct answer: B. Using formal change control to manage Product Backlog when market provides feedback from Product usage

Formal change control directly opposes Agile and Scrum principles. For the exam, remember that the Product Owner manages the backlog dynamically without bureaucratic gates. Effective backlog management relies on transparency and ordering, not rigid approval processes.

Correct answer: C. Helping the Scrum Team understand the need for clear and concise Product Backlog items · D. Helping find techniques for effective Product Goal definition and Product Backlog management · E. Facilitating stakeholder collaboration as requested or needed

The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by facilitating stakeholder collaboration and finding effective backlog management techniques. Avoid options suggesting the Scrum Master introduces technical development practices, as this belongs to the Developers.

Correct answer: B. The Scrum Team

The entire Scrum Team shares the responsibility to address any lack of transparency in Scrum artifacts. The Scrum Master is specifically accountable for detecting issues, but fixing them requires the collaborative effort of the whole team.

Correct answer: B. The Sprint Review

Key Stakeholders are invited to participate in the Sprint Review to inspect the Increment and collaborate on what to do next. They are not required to attend other formal events like Sprint Planning or the Daily Scrum.

Correct answer: A. Working with other Scrum Masters to increase the effectiveness of the application of Scrum in the organization · B. Leading and coaching the organization in its Scrum adoption · D. Planning Scrum implementations within the organization

The Scrum Master serves the organization by leading Scrum adoption, planning implementations, and collaborating with other Scrum Masters. Avoid options involving arbitrary team mixing or micromanaging stakeholder invitations, as these violate empiricism.

Correct answer: A. Daily Scrum

The Daily Scrum is the key inspect and adapt event specifically for the Developers. It focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapting the plan for the next twenty-four hours. Watch out for non-Scrum meetings like project status sessions acting as distractors.

Correct answer: B. Developers.

The Developers own the Sprint Backlog because they are solely responsible for creating the actionable plan and doing the work. Remember that while the Product Owner suggests the goal, the Developers decide how much work to take on.

Correct answer: D. The Product Owner

The Product Owner is the best person to identify stakeholders because they are accountable for maximizing product value and managing the Product Backlog. They actively engage with stakeholders to understand their needs and gather valuable input.

Correct answer: A. False

This statement is false because an Increment includes the sum of all prior completed work plus the new items. Exam cue: always think of the Increment as cumulative value that grows each Sprint, never as a standalone batch of work.

Correct answer: B. Increases transparency · C. Helps ensure the Increment is releasable

The Definition of Done creates transparency and ensures the Increment is releasable by setting a shared quality standard. Options like increasing velocity or ensuring documentation are classic traps because Scrum strictly avoids equating velocity with value.

Correct answer: C. The Product Owner

The Product Owner has the final say on Product Backlog ordering to maximize value. Remember that while the Developers provide effort estimates, the Product Owner alone decides what ranks highest and gets prioritized.

Correct answer: A. False

A product actually has clear boundaries, known stakeholders, and defined users or customers. If a statement describes a product as having no boundaries or users, you should immediately recognize it as false.

Correct answer: C. Frequently releasing increments to validate assumptions built into the product. · D. Ordering of the Product Backlog.

A Product Owner manages value primarily through the strategic ordering of the Product Backlog and by frequently releasing increments to validate assumptions. Avoid value points or cost ratios, because empirical validation and ordering are key.

Correct answer: C. Never. Even if individuals work on specific Sprint Backlog items, the Developers as a whole remains accountable for the Sprint Backlog in its entirety.

Ownership is never assigned to individual Developers; the entire group of Developers remains accountable for the Sprint Backlog. Watch for options mentioning the Scrum Master assigning work, because self-management prevents this.

Correct answer: A. Add the improvements to the Sprint Backlog for the next Sprint.

The most impactful improvements identified during a Sprint Retrospective are often added directly to the Sprint Backlog for the next Sprint. Assigning individual owners contradicts Scrum's emphasis on shared team accountability and self-management.

Correct answer: B. The Sprint Goal.

The Sprint Goal serves as the specific commitment for the Sprint Backlog. It provides focus and flexibility, allowing the Developers to negotiate scope if needed. Remember the three commitments map to specific artifacts: Product Goal, Sprint Goal, and Definition of Done.

Correct answer: C. The Developers

The Daily Scrum is an internal meeting exclusively for the Developers to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal. Be very careful here, the Scrum Master or Product Owner may attend as observers, but only the Developers actively participate.

Correct answer: D. The Scrum Team

If there is no existing organizational standard, the entire Scrum Team is responsible for creating a Definition of Done appropriate for the product. Do not fall for the common distractor that assigns this accountability solely to the Developers.

Correct answer: C. The Developers are more focused with a common and specific goal

A Sprint Goal provides the Developers with a shared, specific focus and purpose, guiding them on why they are building the Increment. It does not guarantee that every single selected Product Backlog item will be fully implemented.

Correct answer: C. Any technique, even a mix of several techniques

Scrum is highly flexible, meaning any technique or even a mix of techniques can be used to represent Product Backlog items. Do not fall for distractors like User Stories, because Scrum does not prescribe a specific format.

Correct answer: A. False

A Product Owner may delegate specific tasks, but they remain completely accountable for the outcome. Remember the exam rule: accountabilities cannot be transferred or shared, even if others assist.

Correct answer: B. There are no such prerequisites.

A new Sprint starts immediately following the conclusion of the previous one without formal prerequisites. Ignore distractors about fully refined backlogs or steering committee approvals, as Scrum operates continuously without enforced readiness gates.

Correct answer: D. Only the Developers

Only the Developers own and modify the Sprint Backlog during a Sprint to reflect emerging work. While the Product Owner negotiates scope, they do not directly update the Sprint Backlog.

Correct answer: A. Add the non-functional requirements to the DoD and check every Increment against these criteria

Adding recurring non-functional requirements to the Definition of Done ensures every Increment meets essential quality standards. Placing them as separate backlog items is sometimes valid, but the Definition of Done is typically preferred.

Correct answer: A. True

All work performed by Developers must originate from the Product Backlog. This single source of truth ensures the Scrum Team consistently maximizes value and aligns with business goals.

Correct answer: A. The Scrum Master · B. The Developers · C. The Product Owner · E. The Key Stakeholders

The Sprint Review includes the entire Scrum Team and key stakeholders to inspect the outcome of the Sprint and figure out what to do next. Remember that the CEO can technically attend as a stakeholder, but option E is the definitive answer for outside attendees.

Correct answer: A. How much of the functionality of his product is being utilized. · B. Direct customer feedback. · E. How much can the customer absorb and use the product.

Product Owners measure value by looking at direct customer feedback, feature utilization, and how much customers can actually absorb. Avoid distractors focused on output metrics like story points or matching original requirements, because Agile prioritizes adapting to deliver outcome value.

Correct answer: A. More time and money is spent maintaining the product when you have technical debt. · D. Technical debt can reduce the velocity in which new functionality can be created.

Technical debt directly impacts the Product Owner because it drains time and money on maintenance, while simultaneously slowing down the creation of new features. Never assume technical debt is solely a Developer issue, as it ultimately destroys the product's potential value.

Correct answer: A. Do an intelligent balancing of interests and try to maximize the value of the Product as a whole

The Product Owner must balance varied stakeholder interests to maximize the overall product value. Avoid options that prioritize only funding or speed, because the Product Owner optimizes value rather than pleasing a single group.

Correct answer: D. They collaborate frequently in order for the Developers to deliver Increments that address user and stakeholder needs. · E. They collaborate frequently in order for the Product Owner to make sound decisions in managing the Product Backlog.

The Product Owner and Developers collaborate frequently so the Developers deliver valuable Increments and the Product Owner makes sound backlog decisions. Avoid options where the Product Owner micromanages work or limits interaction to event boundaries.

Correct answer: E. False

This statement is false because the Developers choose the Daily Scrum structure. The three standard questions are an option, but remember the event only mandates focus on progress toward the Sprint Goal.

Correct answer: D. What is most appropriate to achieve the objectives of the product and optimise the value delivered to users while taking into account the dependencies.

The Product Owner orders items to achieve product objectives and optimize value while managing dependencies. Exam cue: reject absolute words like always, because ROI alone ignores context and sequencing.

Correct answer: A. Sprint Retrospective · C. Sprint Planning · D. Sprint Review

The entire Scrum Team participates in Sprint Planning, the Sprint Review, and the Sprint Retrospective. The Daily Scrum is excluded because only Developers participate to inspect and adapt their progress.

Correct answer: B. It is a finalized list of requirements to be done for the Product.

The Product Backlog is never finalized; it is a dynamic, living artifact that constantly evolves as the product and market change. The strongest distractor calls it an inventory of work, which is acceptable because it technically lists all desired features and requirements.

Correct answer: A. 4 and 3 hours respectively

For a one-month Sprint, the Sprint Review is capped at four hours, and the Retrospective is capped at three hours. A helpful exam cue is to remember that reviewing with stakeholders takes longer than internal team reflection.

Correct answer: C. It does not matter who does the legwork

Scrum does not dictate who gathers marketplace data, meaning anyone can assist with this legwork. The critical point for the exam is that the Product Owner remains accountable for the final decision and product value.

Correct answer: A. Yes, if the remaining work is also estimated, maybe in bigger units

Sprint Planning can be completed if only the near-term work is finely decomposed, as long as the Developers understand the remaining scope. Detailed decomposition of the entire Sprint backlog is not required during planning.

Correct answer: B. The Developers should close the Sprint Planning and start the work

Sprint Planning is strictly time-boxed, so the Developers must close the event and start working on the decomposed items. Exam cue: you do not need the entire Sprint planned day-by-day upfront, as the Sprint Backlog emerges during the Sprint.

Correct answer: D. The Product Owner

The Product Owner tracks total product progress by monitoring the remaining work in the Product Backlog. A strong distractor is the Developers, but they only track work remaining inside the current Sprint Backlog, not the overall Product Backlog.

Correct answer: A. Increment · C. Sprint Backlog · D. Product Backlog

The three official artifacts in Scrum are the Product Backlog, the Sprint Backlog, and the Increment. Be careful not to select the Sprint Goal here, as it functions as a crucial commitment attached to the Sprint Backlog.

Correct answer: A. As long as a product exists, its Product Backlog also exists · D. It is dynamic · E. It is never complete

A Product Backlog is dynamic and never complete as long as the product exists. Remember that Scrum events or artifacts do not get closed or dismissed; they continuously evolve to maximize value.

Correct answer: A. The product's impact on customer satisfaction. · B. The product's impact on cost. · D. The product's impact on revenue.

Product success is measured by its impact on customer satisfaction, cost, and revenue. Avoid metrics like velocity, which only measures team speed, or delivered scope, which does not guarantee actual value.

Correct answer: A. 15 minutes

The Daily Scrum is strictly timeboxed at 15 minutes to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal. Ignore options mentioning the three questions, because the 2020 guide removed those as mandatory requirements.

Correct answer: A. False

In Scrum, the terms develop and development refer to any complex product work, not just software. This broad definition ensures the framework applies to hardware, marketing, or any complex domain. Never limit Scrum concepts to software development.

Correct answer: A. One Product Owner

A product has exactly one Product Owner, regardless of how many Scrum Teams work on it. The Product Owner is one person, not a committee, ensuring a clear and unified product vision. Multiple teams may share this single Product Owner.

Correct answer: B. The Definition of Done of other Scrum Teams working on the same Product · C. Conventions, standards and guidelines of the Organization

The Definition of Done must account for organizational standards and guidelines, as well as the definitions used by other teams working on the same product. If multiple teams share a product, they must mutually create and follow a unified Definition of Done.

Correct answer: B. Empirical

Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory. This means decisions are made based on observation, experience, and experimentation. Empiricism relies on the three pillars of transparency, inspection, and adaptation to manage complex work effectively.

Correct answer: A. Commitment · E. Respect

Commitment and Respect are two of the five official Scrum values. The complete list includes Focus, Openness, and Courage. Hierarchy, velocity, and multitasking are management concepts or metrics that are not part of the core Scrum values.

Correct answer: A. Start facilitating more productive and useful Retrospectives.

The Scrum Master must ensure all Scrum events occur and remain productive, meaning they should coach the team to hold useful Retrospectives. Canceling mandatory events or extending the timebox violates Scrum rules and removes critical inspection opportunities.

Correct answer: D. The Scrum Team

The entire Scrum Team shares responsibility for collaborating with stakeholders to align the product with user needs. However, this is somewhat ambiguous because the Product Owner also has a primary duty to engage stakeholders for managing the Product Backlog.

Correct answer: A. Not more than 8 hours

Sprint Planning is timeboxed to a maximum of eight hours for a standard one-month Sprint, usually proportionally shorter for shorter Sprints. Avoid the trap of thinking planning continues until every single task is fully decomposed.

Correct answer: A. The Product Backlog is a living artifact that evolves as the product and the environment in which it will be used evolves.

The Product Backlog is a living artifact that constantly evolves as the product, environment, and stakeholder needs change over time. It is never static or locked in, because Scrum embraces changing requirements to maximize value.

Correct answer: A. If others are present at the Daily Scrum, ensures that they do not disrupt the meeting · B. Ensures that the Developers have the meeting · C. Teaches the Developers to keep the Daily Scrum within the 15-minute time-box

The Scrum Master ensures the Developers hold the event, teaches them to respect the timebox, and prevents disruptions from others. Remember that the Scrum Master is never responsible for running the Daily Scrum, as it belongs strictly to the Developers.

Correct answer: C. Past performance of the Developers · D. Latest Product Increment

For subsequent Sprints, Sprint Planning also considers the past performance of the Developers and the latest product Increment. This is because prior velocity and the current state of the product help guide realistic planning.

Correct answer: B. Optimizing the value of the work the Developers perform · C. Ordering the items in the Product Backlog to best achieve goals and missions · D. Ensuring that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, and clear to all, and shows what the Scrum Team will work on next

The selected answers are correct because Product Backlog management includes optimizing value, ordering items, and ensuring transparency. A key exam cue is that Developers pull items into the Sprint Backlog themselves during Sprint Planning, so moving items is not a Product Backlog management activity.

Correct answer: B. The Scrum Team

The entire Scrum Team collaborates with stakeholders during the Sprint Review to inspect the increment. Do not pick the Product Owner or Developers alone, because inspecting the outcome is a shared team responsibility.

Correct answer: A. False

This is false because the Product Owner must attend Sprint Planning to collaborate on creating the Sprint Goal. Remember that Scrum events rely on teamwork rather than exclusion based on readiness.

Correct answer: A. Only the Developers should be responsible for estimating the Product Backlog Items · D. Only the Product Owner can cancel the Sprint. Others can only influence the decision to cancel

Only Developers are responsible for sizing or estimating Product Backlog items, and only the Product Owner can cancel a Sprint. Remember that a Product Owner can delegate backlog updates, making that distractor false.

Correct answer: B. Less valuable and most unclear items at the bottom

The Product Backlog is ordered to maximize value, with the most valuable and clear items typically placed at the top. For the exam, remember that the Product Owner orders items based on priority, not simply by when they were added or alphabetically.

Correct answer: B. Any time where it's valuable to have the Stakeholder input

A Scrum Team can interact with stakeholders at any time if it provides valuable input for the product. While Sprint Reviews are formal feedback events, Scrum does not restrict necessary stakeholder collaboration to official meetings.

Correct answer: D. How much work remains till the end of the Sprint

A Sprint Burndown chart visually tracks how much total work remains until the end of the Sprint. While not a mandatory official artifact, it is a highly common progress tracking tool you will see tested on the exam.

Correct answer: A. False

The correct answer is false because Scrum prohibits dedicated technical Sprints; every Sprint must produce a usable Increment. For the exam, remember that fixing technical debt must occur continuously alongside new feature development rather than in separate phases.

Correct answer: D. Yes, so that the whole Scrum Team and the Stakeholders can inspect a full piece of functionality at the Sprint Review.

Multiple teams working on one product must integrate their work into a single functional increment every Sprint. This enables proper inspection at the Sprint Review. Dismiss options suggesting integration sprints or independent deliveries.

Correct answer: C. Frequently, but not so often that gets in the way of work.

Inspection happens frequently throughout Scrum events, but it must not get in the way of actual work. While the Sprint Review is a formal opportunity for inspection, adapting and inspecting continually throughout the Sprint is critical for empirical process control.

Correct answer: B. Because they communicate better

The Scrum Guide notes that smaller teams generally communicate better. However, the official guide primarily highlights that small teams remain nimble while being large enough to complete significant work, making the provided correct option slightly narrow but ultimately accurate.

Correct answer: A. Several top Product Backlog Items are taken into the Sprint Backlog to replace the obsolete items · E. At the Sprint Retrospective the Scrum Master determines who from the Developers are responsible for cancelling the Sprint

When a Sprint is cancelled, work does not get swapped in, and blame is never assessed. Any completed work is reviewed, while incomplete items return to the Product Backlog. Remember that only the Product Owner can cancel a Sprint early.

Correct answer: B. The Sprint Retrospective · C. The Daily Scrum

Only the Scrum Team participates in the Sprint Retrospective, and only the Developers participate in the Daily Scrum. Others may attend Sprint Planning or the Sprint Review, so those two events are not completely closed.

Correct answer: A. How much work is remaining across time.

A burn-down chart tracks the amount of work remaining over a given period of time. It is a progress tracking tool for the Developers, not a mechanism for reporting individual performance, accumulated costs, or realized business value to the organization.

Correct answer: A. The Sprint Planning · B. The Sprint Review · C. The Daily Scrum · D. The Sprint Retrospective

All four official Scrum events are formal opportunities to inspect and adapt. The Sprint itself wraps these events, enabling the transparency required for empirical process control.

Correct answer: A. The Product Owner

The Product Owner is solely accountable for effective Product Backlog management, which includes ordering items and ensuring transparency. While others may help, final accountability always rests here, so avoid choosing options that shift this core duty to Developers or the Scrum Master.

Correct answer: D. They address the most impactful improvements as soon as possible. They may even add those to the Sprint Backlog for the next Sprint.

The team should address its most impactful improvements as soon as possible, often adding them directly to the next Sprint Backlog. Avoid options that mandate assigning specific individuals or require tackling every item simultaneously, as Scrum favors self-management.

Correct answer: A. Facilitating stakeholder collaboration as requested or needed · D. Helping find techniques for effective Product Goal definition and Product Backlog management · E. Helping establish empirical product planning for a complex environment

The Scrum Master serves the Product Owner by facilitating collaboration, finding effective management techniques, and establishing empirical planning. Be careful not to select coaching the organization, which is a valid duty but serves the organization rather than the Product Owner directly.

Correct answer: A. During the Sprint Planning

Developers create the Sprint Backlog during Sprint Planning to map out the work needed for the upcoming Sprint. It is not created after the Sprint starts or during the review, making Sprint Planning the only correct phase.

Correct answer: B. The Product Backlog items selected for this Sprint plus the plan for delivering them

The Sprint Backlog comprises the selected Product Backlog items for the Sprint plus the Developers' plan for delivering them. Options listing only the items or only the plan are incomplete, so always choose the comprehensive definition.

Correct answer: D. The Sprint Goal

The correct answer is the Sprint Goal because it provides the overarching purpose for the Sprint. For the exam, remember that the Sprint Goal acts as the guiding objective for why the team is building the Increment.

Correct answer: A. False

The answer is false because Scrum only defines three accountabilities: Developer, Product Owner, and Scrum Master. A practical exam cue is to instantly dismiss any mention of project managers.

Correct answer: B. The entire Scrum Team is accountable for creating a valuable, useful Increment every Sprint · C. Scrum recognizes no sub-teams in the Scrum Team · D. Developers hold each other accountable as professionals

The correct answers work because Scrum Teams are cross-functional, self-managing, and lack internal sub-teams. A practical exam cue is to eliminate any option implying specialized roles or hierarchies.

Correct answer: E. The Product Owner

The Product Owner works because they are accountable for managing the Product Backlog. A practical exam cue is to remember that the Product Owner ensures attendees are ready to discuss key items.

Correct answer: D. Following a plan over responding to change.

The correct answer works because the Agile Manifesto values responding to change over following a plan. A practical exam cue is to always favor flexibility and adaptability over rigid adherence.

Correct answer: B. Maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team

The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. Guarding developers is a common myth; the entire team is self-managing and resilient to interruptions.

Correct answer: A. Empiricism

Empiricism is the foundation of Scrum, but its three pillars are transparency, inspection, and adaptation. Remember the distinction between the overarching theory and the specific pillars supporting it.

Correct answer: A. Framework for generating value through adaptive solutions for complex problems

Scrum is defined as a lightweight framework that helps people generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems. Avoid calling it a methodology or a collection of best practices, as those terms violate the guide.

Correct answer: A. Static requirements

Scrum requires adaptation, meaning requirements cannot be static or fully predicted upfront. The framework relies on empirical process control to manage complex work rather than rigid predictive planning.

Correct answer: C. A framework to address complex products in complex environments.

Scrum is specifically a lightweight framework designed to address complex problems in unpredictable environments. Dismiss any options calling it a defined methodology, a predictable process, or a collection of best practices. It is grounded in empiricism, not rigid computer science principles.

Correct answer: A. Focus · B. Commitment · D. Respect · E. Courage · F. Openness

The five official Scrum Values are Focus, Commitment, Respect, Courage, and Openness. Self-organization is a core characteristic of successful teams, but it is categorized as a structural pillar rather than an official value. Memorize these five to easily spot tricky distractors.

Correct answer: B. The Product Owner

The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing product value. For the exam, watch for questions trying to shift this specific accountability to the Developers or Scrum Master. The Product Owner manages the Product Backlog to optimize value.

Correct answer: A. True

A Sprint is cancelled if the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete. Only the Product Owner has the authority to cancel a Sprint, though others can provide input. Remember that incomplete work does not justify cancelling a Sprint.

Correct answer: A. Yes

A Product Owner or Scrum Master can also be a Developer if they actively execute Sprint Backlog work. However, Scrum explicitly prohibits anyone having the title of lead or manager within the Scrum Team.

Correct answer: D. The Scrum Master

The Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide. They serve the organization by leading and coaching its adoption. Remember this specific accountability applies to the Scrum Master role.

Correct answer: B. The Developers of the Scrum Teams

The Developers of all Scrum Teams working on the same product are responsible for creating a usable integrated Increment. Multiple teams must coordinate to ensure their combined work is successfully integrated at least by the Sprint end.

Correct answer: B. The Scrum Team

The entire Scrum Team must get feedback from key stakeholders during the Sprint Review. This collaborative event goes beyond a simple status report, focusing on gathering stakeholder input to adapt the Product Backlog and optimize future value.

Correct answer: D. Definition of Done

The Definition of Done creates transparency by providing a strict set of criteria to evaluate incomplete work at the end of a Sprint. If an item fails to meet this shared standard, it cannot be part of the finished Increment.

Correct answer: A. Yes

The Product Owner can indeed invite stakeholders to Product Backlog refinement sessions to gather insights and clarify expectations. This collaboration ensures the team understands market needs without disrupting the Developers' accountability over their work.

Correct answer: C. Value of Commitment

Doing your best and helping others demonstrates the Scrum value of commitment. While high performance is a goal, the specific behavior of personal dedication directly aligns with this foundational value, making it the best choice.

Correct answer: A. True

Scrum is founded on empiricism, making it inherently iterative and incremental. It repeats cycles to inspect progress and adds usable functionality step by step, so any definition missing these concepts is incorrect.

Correct answer: A. True

All Scrum Teams working on the same product must use a single Product Backlog. This rule ensures transparency, proper prioritization, and alignment under one Product Owner, even when multiple teams execute the work.

Correct answer: D. The Developers (or appropriate representatives) of each Scrum Team pull work from the Product Backlog in agreement with the Product Owner.

The correct answer works because developers pull work rather than having it pushed or assigned by a manager. For the exam, remember that self-management means teams select their own items in coordination with the Product Owner.

Correct answer: D. The Product Owner only orders the Product Backlog Items on their value

The correct answer works because ordering goes beyond just value. A practical exam cue is to remember that the Product Owner also considers dependencies, risk, and market conditions when ordering items.

Correct answer: C. The Developers, but with permission of the Product Owner · E. The Product Owner

The correct answers work because the Product Owner manages the backlog and can delegate work to Developers. A practical exam cue is that anyone can add items, but final authority rests with the Product Owner.

Correct answer: B. Early and frequent releases of usable increments

The correct answer works because Scrum emphasizes frequent delivery to maximize feedback. A practical exam cue is to recall that multiple Increments can even be released within a single Sprint.

Correct answer: D. Have the Scrum Team create Product Backlog items for each concern and/or add security concerns to the Definition of Done.

Addressing non-functional requirements like security means integrating them directly into the Definition of Done or adding them to the Product Backlog. Avoid isolated sprints or separate backlogs, because these create hidden dependencies and break cross-functional team flow.

Correct answer: D. The Scrum Team

The entire Scrum Team shares accountability for creating a valuable Increment each Sprint. While Developers actually build it, the Product Owner and Scrum Master are also accountable for overall success, making options listing only Developers incorrect.

Correct answer: A. Development of products and enhancements · B. Development of software and hardware · C. Development of almost everything we use in our daily lives as individuals and societies · D. Development and sustaining of Cloud and other operational environments · E. Managing the operation of an organization · F. Research and identifying of viable markets, technologies, and product capabilities

Scrum is highly versatile and applies to software, hardware, research, and organizational management. Whenever a question asks where it can be used, default to selecting all positive domains, as the framework applies to complex product development broadly.

Correct answer: B. The Product Backlog

The Product Backlog is the single source of requirements for any changes made to the product. For the exam, remember that stakeholders can request features, but those features only become actionable requirements once they are added to the Product Backlog by the Product Owner.

Correct answer: A. Immediately after the Sprint Retrospective

A new Sprint starts immediately following the conclusion of the previous Sprint Retrospective. This continuous cycle ensures no downtime between Sprints. Do not assume a release to production is required before starting the next Sprint.

Correct answer: A. Causing the removal of impediments to the Scrum Team's progress · B. Coaching the team members in self-management and cross-functionality · D. Helping the Scrum Team focus on creating high-value Increments that meet the Definition of Done

The Scrum Master serves the team by coaching self-management, focusing on value, and removing impediments. Eliminate any option suggesting the Scrum Master acts as a direct manager or unilaterally changes team composition based solely on velocity.

Correct answer: A. None. A new Sprint starts immediately after the end of the previous Sprint

A new Sprint starts immediately after the previous Sprint concludes, requiring no preparation time in between. For the exam, strictly reject any options suggesting downtime for testing, documentation, or breaks between Sprints.

Correct answer: B. The Sprint Retrospective focuses on Scrum Team's process and people aspects while the Sprint Review focuses on the product

The Sprint Retrospective focuses on processes and people, while the Sprint Review focuses on the product. A key exam cue is that the Review inspects the Increment, whereas the Retrospective inspects team processes.

Correct answer: A. False

It is false because a hardening Sprint to clear technical debt violates the Definition of Done rule for every Increment. For the exam, always insist that each Sprint must result in a potentially releasable product.

Correct answer: F. None of the above

The only specific accountabilities in Scrum are Developers, Product Owner, and Scrum Master. Job titles like architect or tester do not exist as separate roles within the official rules.

Correct answer: B. The Scrum Master has not ensured that the project is transparent. The Product Owner has not made the stakeholders aware of the progress of the project. The stakeholders have not been attending the Sprint Reviews.

This scenario indicates a lack of transparency and missed stakeholder feedback at the Sprint Review. The empirical process requires regular inspection by stakeholders to avoid costly late-stage surprises.

Correct answer: D. Anytime, as needed

The Product Backlog is a living artifact that can be updated anytime as needed to reflect changing priorities. Expect exam questions linking continuous backlog refinement to empirical process control. It never freezes or waits strictly for Sprint boundaries.

Correct answer: A. Increased creativity, self-accountability, commitment.

Self-management directly fosters increased creativity, self-accountability, and commitment within the team. Rule compliance and sheer output contradict the agile mindset. Recognize that empowering developers to solve complex problems drives true ownership and successful deliveries.

Correct answer: A. The latest product Increment · B. Projected capacity of the Scrum Team during the Sprint · C. The Product Backlog · D. Past performance of the Scrum Team

Sprint Planning requires the Product Backlog, the latest product Increment, past team performance, and projected capacity. While stakeholder feedback is valuable, it typically influences the backlog earlier. Focus strictly on these four inputs when tackling planning questions.

Correct answer: A. False

This statement is false because maximizing product value is the accountability of the Product Owner. The Scrum Master focuses on ensuring Scrum is understood and enacted, acting as a facilitator and coach rather than managing product value.

Correct answer: A. False

Product Backlog refinement is an ongoing activity consuming no more than ten percent of Developers' capacity. Scrum does not prescribe a specific weekly time outside working hours. The Developers size items during this continuous refinement process.

Correct answer: D. Re-order the Product Backlog to maximize utilization of the Developers and deliver at least some Increment of product functionality in the next Sprint.

The Product Owner should re-order the Product Backlog to ensure the Developers can deliver a valuable Increment without being blocked by dependencies. A practical exam cue is that Product Owners must always maximize value by sequencing work to deliver functional increments every Sprint.

Correct answer: D. The Scrum Team

The entire Scrum Team collaborates to craft the Sprint Goal during Sprint Planning. While the Product Owner proposes objectives, the Developers must figure out how to deliver the goal, ensuring everyone shares a clear focus for the Sprint.

Correct answer: A. No

The Daily Scrum cannot be skipped because it provides critical daily inspection of progress toward the Sprint Goal. As an mandatory event, it ensures the Developers continuously adapt their plan to avoid falling behind.

Correct answer: A. It manages how to perform the development work

A self-managing Scrum Team decides internally how to perform its development work, assigning tasks and choosing methods independently. Remember that management or external roles do not dictate how the Developers accomplish their Sprint Backlog work.

Correct answer: A. True

Accumulated technical debt reduces transparency, increases complexity, and slows down future development as the system becomes harder to maintain. On the exam, always associate unchecked technical debt with decreased velocity, lower quality, and hidden risks.

Correct answer: A. True

The correct answer works because refinement targets future work rather than the active Sprint Backlog. A practical exam cue is to remember that the Product Owner can still clarify current Sprint items as needed.

Correct answer: A. Just enough Product Backlog Items with business ideas for the first Sprint · B. A staffed Scrum Team

A Sprint can start once a complete Scrum Team exists and enough Product Backlog items are ready to define the work. You do not need a complete Product Backlog or architecture, because Scrum embraces emergent requirements over rigid upfront planning.

Correct answer: D. Short enough to minimize risk

The optimal Sprint length is short enough to minimize risk and allow for quick feedback without excessive overhead. Exam cue: never pick a rigid timebox like two weeks, because the optimal length varies based on the specific context and environment.

Correct answer: A. Improving the Definition of Done

Strengthening the Definition of Done forces the team to resolve quality issues immediately, which directly limits new technical debt. Be wary of external auditors, because quality must be internally owned by the Developers doing the actual work.

Correct answer: C. The Product Owner

The Product Owner is responsible for managing the Product Backlog, which ultimately dictates what the Scrum Team works on next. Watch out for a Product Manager option, as that generic role does not inherently hold Scrum responsibilities.

Correct answer: B. Velocity

Velocity measures the average amount of work completed per Sprint. A practical exam cue is to distinguish velocity from capacity, which estimates available hours or effort, rather than historical completion rates.

Correct answer: A. None

No activity takes place between Sprints because a new Sprint starts immediately after the previous one concludes. For the exam, remember Scrum emphasizes continuous flow without any gaps or downtime between Sprints.

Correct answer: C. The product has one Product Backlog and one Product Owner.

A single product must have exactly one Product Backlog and one Product Owner, regardless of the number of teams. Avoid the common trap of scaling by adding Product Owners or backlogs for each new team.

Correct answer: D. As soon as possible to minimize further deviation

An adjustment must be made as soon as possible to minimize further deviation. Avoid options that add unnecessary approval steps or delay fixing the issue until another event like the Daily Scrum.

Correct answer: B. Frequently, but it should not get in the way of the work

Artifacts and progress must be inspected frequently, but not so often that it gets in the way. Avoid the trap of picking extreme answers like inspecting as frequently as possible, which disrupts actual work.

Correct answer: C. It's three hours in a one-month Sprint · D. It's an opportunity for inspection and adaptation

The Retrospective is a three-hour event for a one-month Sprint and serves as an opportunity for inspection and adaptation. Do not fall for distractors stating it happens before the Review or excludes the Product Owner.

Correct answer: C. Everyone who performs the development work

The entire Scrum Team is responsible for the quality of the development work. A good exam tip is that Scrum avoids traditional titles like lead developer or tester to enforce shared team accountability for quality.

Correct answer: C. How much work remains till the end of the Sprint

A burn-down chart visually tracks the remaining work against the Sprint timebox. While not an official artifact, it remains a widely accepted tracking tool on the exam for measuring progress.

Correct answer: C. It is an opportunity for the Scrum Team to inspect itself and create a plan for improvements to be enacted during the next Sprint

The Sprint Retrospective is specifically designed for the Scrum Team to inspect its own interactions and processes, creating an actionable improvement plan. Avoid broad labels like inspect and adapt; the Sprint Review adapts the Product Backlog, not team processes.

Correct answer: A. False

An Increment only needs to be potentially releasable to meet the Definition of Done, meaning it must be in a usable state regardless of whether the Product Owner actually releases it. The Product Owner decides the optimal release timing to maximize return on investment.

Correct answer: F. All the answers are correct

Trust is the foundation that enables every single Scrum Value, making the all of the above option correct. Without trust, teams lack the courage to take risks or the openness to share challenges. Expect trust and empiricism to remain heavily emphasized on the exam.

Correct answer: A. Coach the team to collectively take ownership of the Sprint Backlog items

The Scrum Master should coach the team to collectively own the Sprint Backlog. Developers are self-managing and share accountability. Assigning items destroys collaboration and limits learning across the team.

Correct answer: B. Scrum Master

The Scrum Master is specifically responsible for resolving team conflicts and removing impediments that affect progress. While the Scrum Team is self-managing, the Scrum Master serves as the facilitator for addressing behavioral issues when the team cannot resolve them independently.

Correct answer: A. True

Accumulated technical debt obscures the true quality of the Increment, leading stakeholders to falsely assume the product is stable. Watch for velocity spikes on the exam, as taking shortcuts to inflate speed is a classic trap indicating hidden debt.

Correct answer: C. The Sprint Backlog

The Sprint Backlog is managed solely by the Developers throughout the iteration. Note that option B is a known distractor; while the team owns the Definition of Done, the Developers are specifically accountable for adapting it, which can make this phrasing slightly ambiguous.

Correct answer: A. Scrum Team

The entire Scrum Team owns the Scrum events. The Scrum Master merely facilitates these events and ensures they stay within timeboxes, so avoid choosing the Master whenever the question specifically asks about ownership.

Correct answer: A. False

Scrum requires exactly one Product Backlog for a product, regardless of how many Scrum Teams are working on it. A single backlog ensures transparency, unified prioritization, and prevents overlapping work across multiple teams.

Correct answer: B. Do nothing since the Developer's action is correct

The Developer correctly redirected the stakeholder to the Product Owner, who solely manages the Product Backlog. Because the Developers acted appropriately by protecting their Sprint focus, the Scrum Master does not need to intervene.

Correct answer: A. No

A Product Owner can get help from others, but they cannot proxy or outsource their final accountability, especially regarding team-facing duties. They remain responsible for making the decisions and managing the Product Backlog effectively.

Correct answer: A. A Product Backlog could be closed when it contains no items to include into the next Sprint · C. When the final version of a product is rolled out, its Product Backlog is dismissed

A Product Backlog is never closed or dismissed, and it exists as long as the product does. A strong exam cue is that a product always evolves, meaning there is never a final version in Scrum.